Why Nations Fail - by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson

8. NOT ON OUR TURF: BARRIERS TO DEVELOPMENT

NO PRINTING ALLOWED

IN 1445 IN THE GERMAN city of Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg unveiled an innovation with profound consequences for subsequent economic history: a printing press based on movable type.

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In 1800 probably only 2 to 3 percent of the citizens of the Ottoman Empire were literate, compared with 60 percent of adult males and 40 percent of adult females in England. In the Netherlands and Germany, literacy rates were even higher. The Ottoman lands lagged far behind the European countries with the lowest educational attainment in this period, such as Portugal, where probably only around 20 percent of adults could read and write.

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The Ottoman sultans and religious establishment feared the creative destruction that would result. Their solution was to forbid printing.

Brussels

Mar. 23rd, 2016 08:20 pm
Interesting analysis by NYU School of Law's Tom Gerety.

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